{"id":7259,"date":"2019-12-27T06:41:30","date_gmt":"2019-12-26T22:41:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/harianhalmahera.com\/?p=7259"},"modified":"2019-12-28T06:44:44","modified_gmt":"2019-12-27T22:44:44","slug":"diktator-baik","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/harianhalmahera.com\/?p=7259","title":{"rendered":"Diktator Baik"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Oleh : Dahlan Iskan<\/div>\n
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Bentrok<\/strong> di Hongkong jalan terus. Kini sudah memasuki bulan ke-7.<\/p>\n

Yang menang: Presiden Taiwan, Tsai Ing-wen.<\/p>\n

Gara-gara demo besar di Hongkong itu nama Ing-wen pulih lagi.<\/p>\n

Padahal namanyi sudah jatuh habis. Setahun lalu. Partai yang dipimpinnyi kalah total. Di Pilkada serentak tahun lalu. Dia kalah hampir di seluruh Taiwan.<\/p>\n

Ing-wen sudah sempat bicara akan mengundurkan diri. Dan tidak akan maju lagi di Pilpres 11 Januari 2020.<\/p>\n

Reputasinyi tenggelam oleh Han. Pendatang baru dari Selatan. Dari kota terbesar kedua di Taiwan –Kaoshiung.<\/p>\n

“Han adalah kita”.<\/p>\n

Itulah kalimat yang banyak diucapkan di Taiwan. Untuk menandai bahwa Han adalah orang biasa. Polos. Bicara apa adanya. Merakyat. Kuat minum arak –seperti umumnya rakyat Taiwan. Pun dengan pakaian seperti karyawan pada umumnya.<\/p>\n

Han menjadi media darling.<\/p>\n

Yang dipikirkannya adalah perut rakyat –bukan politik. Juga perbaikan lapangan kerja. Ia tidak mau ikut rame-rame anti Tiongkok. Yang hanya menghasilkan kesusahan ekonomi di Taiwan.<\/p>\n

Lawan politiknya menganggap Han pro Tiongkok; Pro penyatuan Taiwan-Tiongkok; Pro\u00a0One Country Two System<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Han sebenarnya tidak begitu-begitu amat. Tapi karena Ing-wen sangat anti Tiongkok maka lawannyi berarti pro Tiongkok.<\/p>\n

Politik kadang memang sesederhana itu.<\/p>\n

Apalagi kalau itu bisa dipakai untuk senjata memojokkan Han. Di saat Hongkong bergejolak demikian hebatnya. Sentimen anti Tiongkok meluas begitu hebatnya. Di Hongkong. Setidaknya di dalam hati mereka.<\/p>\n

Perasaan seperti itu yang merembet ke Taiwan.<\/p>\n

Itu yang sangat menguntungkan Ing-wen.<\/p>\n

Itu yang membuat Ing-wen unggul lagi dalam survei Pilpres.<\/p>\n

Waktunya sudah begitu mepet. Tinggal dua minggu lagi. Sulit bagi Han untuk mengejarnyi. Ing-wen kini sudah unggul 10 persen.<\/p>\n

Padahal sebelum ada demo di Hongkong, Han dipastikan terpilih. Ing-wen sudah tertinggal jauh.<\/p>\n

Hanya karena sulit cari tokoh di partainyi membuat Ing-wen tidak jadi mundur.<\/p>\n

Mungkin juga karena ada janji dukungan penuh dari Amerika. Termasuk bantuan keuangan dan ekonomi yang begitu besar.<\/p>\n

Kini tidak ada lagi isu ‘selama pemerintahan Ing-wen ekonomi Taiwan parah’.<\/p>\n

Kini pembicaraan ekonomi kalah oleh isu politik –menolak gagasan penyatuan dari Xi Jinping.<\/p>\n

Ekonomi selalu dan selalu kalah oleh politik. Di mana pun.<\/p>\n

Sejarah terulang di Taiwan.<\/p>\n

Bentuk Taiwan yang sekarang dulunya juga ditolak oleh rakyat Taiwan.<\/p>\n

Sejarahnya unik.<\/p>\n

Tiongkok memang agak kehilangan Taiwan sejak lama.<\/p>\n

Tahun 1895 Taiwan sudah di bawah Jepang. Selama 50 tahun. Segala sesuatunya ikut Jepang. Generasi lamanya bisa berbahasa Jepang. Termasuk penasehat bisnis saya.<\/p>\n

Ekonomi Taiwan, saat itu, juga sudah baik. Industri gula, tembakau, teh, dan perkebunan lainnya sudah maju.<\/p>\n

Memang semua itu dimonopoli Jepang. BUMN Jepang. Hasilnya dikirim ke Jepang. Orang Taiwan hanya jadi buruh. Atau petani. Yang hasil buminya harus dijual ke perusahaan-perusahaan Jepang itu.<\/p>\n

Ketika Jepang kalah di Perang Dunia ke-2, Taiwan diserahkan ke Sekutu. Berakhirlah kekuasaan Jepang di Taiwan. Selama 50 tahun.<\/p>\n

Sekutu lantas menyerahkan Taiwan ke Republic of China. Dengan status sebuah propinsim dari Tiongkok.<\/p>\n

Waktu itu belum ada People’s Republic of China.<\/p>\n

Di dalam negeri, kala itu, Tiongkok masih terjadi pergolakan. Antara nasionalis yang korup (Republic of China) dan pejuang komunis –yang kelak mendirikan People’s Republic of China.<\/p>\n

Pergolakan itu dimenangkan komunis. Pusat pemerintahan Republic of China mengungsi ke Taiwan. Komunis tidak mengejar mereka sampai Taiwan.<\/p>\n

Pemerintah pusat Republic of China tinggal menguasai dua provinsi: Taiwan dan Fujian. Pun yang disebut Provinsi Fujian sebenarnya hanya beberapa pulau kecil di lepas Pantai Xiamen. Daratan Fujian sendiri sudah dikuasai komunis.<\/p>\n

Dengan masih menguasai dua provinsi itu, Republic of China terus menyimpan dendam: kelak akan merebut provinsi-provinsi lain di Tiongkok-daratan.<\/p>\n

Demikian juga setelah komunis mendirikan People’s Republic of China. Tetap menyimpan dendam: suatu saat nanti akan mengambil Taiwan kembali menjadi salah satu provinsi di Tiongkok.<\/p>\n

Sejak itu ada dua pemerintah pusat Tiongkok. Di Taipei dan di Beijing.<\/p>\n

Sampai tahun 1979.<\/p>\n

Ketika Perserikatan Bangsa-bangsa akhirnya hanya mengakui satu China: People’s Republic of China yang di Beijing.<\/p>\n

Sejak itu status Taiwan bukan negara juga bukan provinsi. Pemerintahannya silih berganti.<\/p>\n

Yang berkuasa kadang pro Beijing. Kadang yang ingin merdeka. Sejak 5 tahun lalu partai yang menang adalah yang ingin Taiwan merdeka.<\/p>\n

Yang presidennya Tsai Ing-wen. Yang nyapres lagi untuk Pilpres 11 Januari.<\/p>\n

Partai Nasionalis Koumintang yang dulu mengungsi ke Taiwan sering kalah. Belakangan hampir akan menang. Lewat capresnya: Han. Gara-gara demo Hongkong nasib yang pro-Beijing kehilangan angin.<\/p>\n

Tapi Koumintang-lah yang membuat Taiwan maju. Lewat pemerintahan diktatornya.<\/p>\n

Sejak menerima penyerahan Taiwan dari Sekutu pemerintahan Koumintang tidak memberi angin ke demokrasi.<\/p>\n

Terutama sejak kerusuhan White Terror pada 1947. Waktu itu monopoli pindah: dari Jepang ke Koumintang.<\/p>\n

Semua hasil bumi dikirim ke daratan. Yang lagi perlu banyak logistik. Untuk biaya perang sipil melawan gerakan komunis.<\/p>\n

Itu pun kalah. Komunis menguasai daratan. Nasionalis Koumintang menguasai Taiwan.<\/p>\n

Harga-harga di Taiwan pun naik drastis. 10 kali lipat. Harga beras di Taiwan empat kali lipat dari Shanghai. Rakyat Taiwan marah.<\/p>\n

Petani pun membangkang. Tidak mau jual hasil bumi ke BUMN. Mereka ditangkap. Rakyat kian marah. Ada yang tertembak.<\/p>\n

Rakyat pun mengambil alih kantor-kantor pemerintah. Menyegel juga perusahaan-perusahaan BUMN.<\/p>\n

Militer turun tangan.<\/p>\n

Mereka dibasmi.<\/p>\n

Sampai 20.000 orang tewas.<\/p>\n

Taiwan dinyatakan dalam keadaan darurat. Selama 30 tahun. Masa darurat terpanjang dalam sejarah dunia.<\/p>\n

Pada era diktator itulah ekonomi Taiwan maju. Taiwan mendapat ‘diktator baik hati’.<\/p>\n

Baru di tahun 1990-an demokrasi lahir di Taiwan. Sangat demokratis. Sampai sekarang.<\/p>\n

Itulah yang melahirkan teori baru pembangunan ekonomi.<\/p>\n

Dapatkan dulu diktator baik hati. Untuk bangun ekonomi.<\/p>\n

Setelah maju barulah rakyat diberi demokrasi.<\/p>\n

Teori ini manjur juga di Korea Selatan.<\/p>\n

Singapura juga mendapat diktator baik hati. Hanya saja sampai kelak sudah sangat maju masih lupa memberi demokrasi.<\/p>\n

Masalah kita: tidak mudah mencari diktator baik hati.(dis)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Oleh : Dahlan Iskan   Bentrok di Hongkong…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":7260,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[110],"tags":[113,112,773],"newstopic":[],"class_list":["post-7259","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-catatan-dahlan","tag-catatan-harian","tag-dahlan-iskan","tag-dahlanis"],"yoast_head":"\nDiktator Baik | Harian Halmahera<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/harianhalmahera.com\/?p=7259\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"id_ID\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Diktator Baik | Harian Halmahera\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Oleh : Dahlan Iskan   Bentrok di Hongkong...\" 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